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| c. 120 |
| | | Kanishka rules the Kushan empire of Afghanistan and northern India from his capital at Peshawar | |
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| c. 208 |
| | | Ardashir is crowned king of Fars - a first step towards his founding of the Sassanian dynasty in Persia | |
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| c. 230 |
| | | Ardashir, the Persian king, commissions a relief of himself in triumphant mood - carved high on a rock face at Naqsh-e Rustam | |
|  | Naqsh-e-Rustam
Fotofile CG
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| c. 250 |
| | | The Persian prophet Mani establishes the dualistic Manichaean religion | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | The squinch, soon followed by the more sophisticated pendentive, proves a great boon to builders of domes | |
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| 637 |
| | | The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty | |
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| 644 |
| | | A document makes the first known reference to windmills, in use in Persia | |
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| 751 |
| | | A battle at the Talas river, between the Chinese and the Arabs, is a decisive victory for the Arabs | |
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| 751 |
| | | Skilled Chinese paper-makers are captured by the Arabs - beginning the slow westward transmission of the technology of paper | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | Nestorian beliefs become the orthodoxy of the Christian community in Persia, spreading from there to India and China | |
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